Income tax in Russia in 2020 remains unchanged. Its payers, representatives of small, medium and large businesses, will still have to regularly make a certain amount of contributions to the treasury, depending on the results of the reporting period. The tax is one of the important sources of filling the federal and regional budgets, therefore they do not plan to abolish it, but they will also not review it in the direction of reduction / increase. Changes may affect the distribution of preferential rates and the method of distribution of funds received in budgets.
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Several bills were submitted to the State Duma for consideration, suggesting amendments to the use of funds from income tax. From 2017 to 2024, the 20% rate (which remains unchanged from now on) is divided into two payments, namely:
- 3% - to the federal budget;
- 17% - in the regional.
The drafters of the new bills proposed the following tax rate split: 13% of the amount is paid to the federal treasury, and 7% remains at the disposal of the municipalities. However, the innovation has not received approval. Corporate income tax refers to the stable income of municipalities. Its use is very important for the development of regions. The federal budget has enough other revenue items, so it was decided to leave the priority of this fee in favor of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Preferential terms
Since 2020, two federal laws will come into force, according to which adjustments are made to the Tax Code (in particular, to Chapter 25). These are the laws adopted at the summer session, dated July 26, 2019 No. 210 and 211. From January 1, 2020, the following preferential conditions will apply when calculating income tax:
- for regional organizations that control the entire cycle of solid municipal waste management (MSW management), the rate of 0% can be used (applies only to services related to MSW management);
- for municipal theaters, museums and libraries, the 0% rate continues to apply, which applies to the entire tax base of institutions, if 90% of all their income is associated with the sale of basic services;
Note. In any case, theaters, museums and libraries must draw up a declaration for the past tax period (calendar year) and send it to the tax authority by March 28 of the current year.
- for organizations providing educational and medical services, a rate of 0% is provided on an unlimited basis.
If the organization has not previously applied preferential terms, the person responsible should send a statement to the tax authority about the intention to use them in 2020, no later than the first days of December 2019. If the preferential rate was used previously, then additional notifications do not need to be sent.
Preferential conditions apply to construction organizations that create social infrastructure facilities, which will subsequently be transferred to municipal ownership. They are given the opportunity to reduce the tax base on expenses associated with the construction of these facilities.
Bets
According to Chapter 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, persons who are required to pay income tax include:
- all legal entities of the Russian Federation that carry out entrepreneurial activities and use the general taxation system;
- legal entities of other states that carry out their work on the territory of the Russian Federation through branches or representative offices.
Legal entities registered in the Russian Federation pay 3% to the federal and 17% to the regional budget. Foreign enterprises credit all 20% to the federal budget.
The law provides for certain categories of legal entities that are exempt from the payment of this tax or the rate on it is reduced. The following are exempt from tax:
- users of the tax regimes of the Unified Social Tax Tax, USN, UTII
- organizations involved in gambling;
- participants of the Skolkovo project;
- enterprises that did not have profit for the reporting period.
In 2020, more flexible conditions for the following companies continue to apply:
- Participants in the SEZ (special economic zone). The maximum rate for payment to the municipality is 12.5%. Important conditions: activities covered by the tax credit must be carried out in the territory of the SEZ; separate accounting is required for activities in this territory and beyond.
- Agricultural producers - 0%.
- Social service organizations of citizens - 0%.
- Organizations that receive income from the turnover of securities - 15%.
- Companies that take part in regional investment projects are 0% (federal budget) and 10% (municipality).
- Companies that receive income from the lease of sea and air transport, including for international transportation - 10% (federal budget) and 0% (municipality).
A full list of tax rates, depending on the type of income, is specified in Article 284 of the Tax Code.
The timing
The timing of income tax depends on the length of the reporting period for which the data is submitted and the use of advance payments. If the company submits a declaration and pays tax for the past calendar year, then in this case it is necessary to pay by March 28 of the current year. If the last payment day coincides with the weekend, financial transactions are transferred to the next business day. That is, for the report for 2019, the full amount should be paid until 03/30/2020 (since 03/28/2020 is Saturday).
If the company maintains quarterly reports without making monthly advance payments, the payment terms for the advance payment for the quarter will be as follows:
- I quarter - April 28, 2020;
- II quarter - July 28, 2020;
- III quarter - October 28, 2020.
When making monthly advance payments, it is also necessary to focus on the 28th day of each month. All monthly advance payments are credited by the 28th day of the corresponding reporting period.
In case of monthly payment of tax for actual profit, the amount is paid before the 28th day of the month that follows the reporting one.
Read also:
- Percentage payroll taxes in 2020: table
- Taxes for individual entrepreneurs in 2020
- Tax refund when buying an apartment in 2020
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